{"id":30346,"date":"2026-02-09T10:42:30","date_gmt":"2026-02-09T10:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bobea.net\/?p=30346"},"modified":"2026-02-09T10:42:34","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T10:42:34","slug":"le-sanctuaire-de-la-pensee-et-de-la-parole","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bobea.net\/index.php\/2026\/02\/09\/le-sanctuaire-de-la-pensee-et-de-la-parole\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Sanctuaire de la Pens\u00e9e et de la Parole"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1. Analyse textuelle et philosophique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Ar\u00adti\u00adcle 19 dis\u00adpose que : \u201cTout indi\u00advidu a droit \u00e0 la lib\u00adert\u00e9 d\u2019opin\u00adion et d\u2019ex\u00adpres\u00adsion ; ce qui implique le droit de ne pas \u00eatre inqui\u00e9t\u00e9 pour ses opin\u00adions et celui de chercher, de recevoir et de r\u00e9pan\u00addre, sans con\u00adsid\u00ad\u00e9ra\u00adtion de fron\u00adti\u00e8res, les infor\u00adma\u00adtions et les id\u00e9es par quelque moyen d\u2019ex\u00adpres\u00adsion que ce soit.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Philosophique\u00adment, cet arti\u00adcle repose sur l\u2019id\u00e9e que l\u2019\u00eatre humain est un \u00eatre de rai\u00adson. Pour que cette rai\u00adson s\u2019ex\u00aderce, il doit pou\u00advoir forg\u00ader son opin\u00adion de mani\u00e8re autonome. Ce proces\u00adsus est triple. D\u2019abord, il y a la lib\u00adert\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure<\/strong> (l\u2019opin\u00adion), qui est absolue : nul ne peut son\u00adder les c\u0153urs et les reins pour punir une pen\u00ads\u00e9e. Ensuite, il y a la lib\u00adert\u00e9 de r\u00e9cep\u00adtion<\/strong> : pour penser, il faut \u00eatre nour\u00adri par des faits et des id\u00e9es tierces. Enfin, il y a la lib\u00adert\u00e9 de dif\u00adfu\u00adsion<\/strong> : une id\u00e9e qui ne peut \u00eatre partag\u00e9e meurt et ne peut \u00eatre con\u00adfron\u00adt\u00e9e \u00e0 la con\u00adtra\u00addic\u00adtion, ce qui est la base de la recherche de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Le con\u00adtexte his\u00adtorique de 1948<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

En 1948, le monde sor\u00adtait de d\u00e9cen\u00adnies de pro\u00adpa\u00adgande total\u00adi\u00adtaire. Les r\u00e9gimes nazi et fas\u00adciste avaient d\u00e9mon\u00adtr\u00e9 que le con\u00adtr\u00f4le de l\u2019in\u00adfor\u00adma\u00adtion \u00e9tait l\u2019arme la plus effi\u00adcace pour asservir un peu\u00adple. Les r\u00e9dac\u00adteurs de la D\u00e9c\u00adla\u00adra\u00adtion, dont Ren\u00e9 Cassin et Eleanor Roo\u00adsevelt, com\u00adpre\u00adnaient que sans une presse libre et sans le droit pour chaque citoyen de con\u00adtester le r\u00e9c\u00adit offi\u00adciel de l\u2019\u00c9\u00adtat, la d\u00e9moc\u00adra\u00adtie n\u2019\u00e9\u00adtait qu\u2019une coquille vide. L\u2019ar\u00adti\u00adcle 19 a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7u comme un anti\u00addote au \u201cmin\u00adist\u00e8re de la V\u00e9rit\u00e9\u201d d\u00e9crit par Orwell \u00e0 la m\u00eame \u00e9poque. Il s\u2019agis\u00adsait de garan\u00adtir que l\u2019in\u00addi\u00advidu reste le sujet de sa pro\u00adpre pen\u00ads\u00e9e, et non l\u2019ob\u00adjet de la com\u00admu\u00adni\u00adca\u00adtion \u00e9ta\u00adtique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3. Les trois dimen\u00adsions du droit<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019ar\u00adti\u00adcle pr\u00e9\u00adcise trois verbes d\u2019ac\u00adtion fon\u00adda\u00admen\u00adtaux :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Chercher :<\/strong> C\u2019est le droit \u00e0 l\u2019en\u00adqu\u00eate. Cela fonde le m\u00e9ti\u00ader de jour\u00adnal\u00adiste, mais aus\u00adsi le droit d\u2019ac\u00adc\u00e8s aux doc\u00adu\u00adments admin\u00adis\u00adtrat\u00adifs pour le citoyen. C\u2019est le refus du secret d\u2019\u00c9\u00adtat injus\u00adti\u00adfi\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Recevoir :<\/strong> C\u2019est le refus du brouil\u00adlage et de la cen\u00adsure. Un \u00c9tat ne peut l\u00e9gitime\u00adment couper l\u2019ac\u00adc\u00e8s de ses citoyens aux ondes \u00e9trang\u00e8res ou aux r\u00e9seaux inter\u00adna\u00adtionaux. La men\u00adtion \u201csans con\u00adsid\u00ad\u00e9ra\u00adtion de fron\u00adti\u00e8res\u201d est ici cap\u00adi\u00adtale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • R\u00e9pan\u00addre :<\/strong> C\u2019est l\u2019utilisation des sup\u00adports. En 1948, on pen\u00adsait \u00e0 l\u2019im\u00adprimerie et \u00e0 la radio. Aujour\u00add\u2019hui, cela englobe l\u2019e\u00adspace num\u00e9rique, les blogs et les r\u00e9seaux soci\u00adaux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    4. Les d\u00e9fis con\u00adtem\u00adpo\u00adrains : Para\u00addox\u00ades et Lim\u00adites<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Aujour\u00add\u2019hui, l\u2019Ar\u00adti\u00adcle 19 fait face \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis in\u00e9dits. Le pre\u00admier est celui de la d\u00e9s\u00adin\u00adfor\u00adma\u00adtion<\/strong>. Si tout le monde peut r\u00e9pan\u00addre des infor\u00adma\u00adtions, com\u00adment pro\u00adt\u00e9ger la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 sans instau\u00adr\u00ader une cen\u00adsure ? La jurispru\u00addence inter\u00adna\u00adtionale con\u00adsid\u00ad\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9rale\u00adment que la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 une mau\u00advaise parole doit \u00eatre une \u201cmeilleure parole\u201d plut\u00f4t que l\u2019in\u00adter\u00addic\u00adtion, sauf en cas d\u2019inci\u00adta\u00adtion \u00e0 la haine ou \u00e0 la vio\u00adlence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Le sec\u00adond d\u00e9fi est celui des plate\u00adformes priv\u00e9es<\/strong>. L\u2019ar\u00adti\u00adcle 19 visait orig\u00adinelle\u00adment les \u00c9tats. Or, aujour\u00add\u2019hui, ce sont des entre\u00adpris\u00ades tech\u00adnologiques qui mod\u00ad\u00e8rent la parole mon\u00addi\u00adale. Le pas\u00adsage du \u201ccen\u00adsur\u00ader\u201d (par l\u2019\u00c9\u00adtat) au \u201cban\u00adnir\u201d (par l\u2019al\u00adgo\u00adrithme) pose la ques\u00adtion de savoir si les droits de l\u2019homme doivent s\u2019ap\u00adpli\u00adquer avec la m\u00eame rigueur aux entit\u00e9s priv\u00e9es qui g\u00e8rent l\u2019e\u00adspace pub\u00adlic num\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    5. Con\u00adclu\u00adsion de l\u2019Ar\u00adti\u00adcle 19<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    En somme, cet arti\u00adcle n\u2019est pas un luxe pour les intel\u00adlectuels, mais une n\u00e9ces\u00adsit\u00e9 pour la survie physique des autres droits. Sans lib\u00adert\u00e9 d\u2019ex\u00adpres\u00adsion, on ne peut pas d\u00e9non\u00adcer une arresta\u00adtion arbi\u00adtraire (Art. 9) ou des con\u00addi\u00adtions de tra\u00advail inhu\u00admaines (Art. 23). C\u2019est le \u201cdroit des droits\u201d, celui qui per\u00admet de pro\u00adt\u00e9ger tous les autres en les ren\u00addant publics. Il exige de la part des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s une grande tol\u00e9rance, car il pro\u00adt\u00e8ge aus\u00adsi les id\u00e9es qui nous heur\u00adtent ou nous d\u00e9plaisent, au nom du plu\u00adral\u00adisme indis\u00adpens\u00adable \u00e0 la dig\u00adnit\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    1. Analyse textuelle et philosophique L\u2019Ar\u00adti\u00adcle 19 dis\u00adpose que : \u201cTout indi\u00advidu a droit \u00e0 la lib\u00adert\u00e9 d\u2019opin\u00adion et d\u2019ex\u00adpres\u00adsion ; ce qui implique le droit de ne pas \u00eatre\u2026 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30347,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"wp_typography_post_enhancements_disabled":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-viva"],"yoast_head":"\nLe Sanctuaire de la Pens\u00e9e et de la Parole - Bobea<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/bobea.net\/index.php\/2026\/02\/09\/le-sanctuaire-de-la-pensee-et-de-la-parole\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le Sanctuaire de la Pens\u00e9e et de la Parole - Bobea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"1. Analyse textuelle et philosophique L\u2019Ar\u00adti\u00adcle 19 dis\u00adpose que : \u201cTout indi\u00advidu a droit \u00e0 la lib\u00adert\u00e9 d\u2019opin\u00adion et d\u2019ex\u00adpres\u00adsion ; ce qui implique le droit de ne pas \u00eatre…\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/bobea.net\/index.php\/2026\/02\/09\/le-sanctuaire-de-la-pensee-et-de-la-parole\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Bobea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/web.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61559252188416\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-02-09T10:42:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-09T10:42:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/bobea.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/e3857d07322122055a9f742497fef4.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"780\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"319\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"bobea.info\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"bobea.info\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bobea.net\/index.php\/2026\/02\/09\/le-sanctuaire-de-la-pensee-et-de-la-parole\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bobea.net\/index.php\/2026\/02\/09\/le-sanctuaire-de-la-pensee-et-de-la-parole\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"bobea.info\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bobea.net\/#\/schema\/person\/e7f45ef187918d7c956bf619dce90ccf\"},\"headline\":\"Le Sanctuaire de la Pens\u00e9e et de la Parole\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-09T10:42:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-09T10:42:34+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bobea.net\/index.php\/2026\/02\/09\/le-sanctuaire-de-la-pensee-et-de-la-parole\/\"},\"wordCount\":714,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bobea.net\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bobea.net\/index.php\/2026\/02\/09\/le-sanctuaire-de-la-pensee-et-de-la-parole\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/bobea.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/e3857d07322122055a9f742497fef4.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Viva\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/bobea.net\/index.php\/2026\/02\/09\/le-sanctuaire-de-la-pensee-et-de-la-parole\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/bobea.net\/index.php\/2026\/02\/09\/le-sanctuaire-de-la-pensee-et-de-la-parole\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/bobea.net\/index.php\/2026\/02\/09\/le-sanctuaire-de-la-pensee-et-de-la-parole\/\",\"name\":\"Le Sanctuaire de la Pens\u00e9e et de la Parole - 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